|
|||||||
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|||||||
WAP
stands for Wireless Application Protocol
.The idea comes from the wireless
industry. It is based on the existing technology such as XML
and IP.The point of this standard is
to serve Internet content services to wireless clients. WAP devices such as
mobile phones and terminals
WAP delivers revenue opportunities for carriers WAP
opens a host of opportunities for carriers to generate on-going revenue streams,
secure customer loyalty and develop unique services that will allow
differentiation from the competition.
WAP offers a broad market for developers One
worldwide standard that is device-independent and bearer-independent assures
developers of a broad, ever-expanding market for content and applications.
WAP means increased sales for device, infrastructure
and gateway manufacturers .The increasing popularity of WAP will generate
tremendous demand for new devices to accommodate WAP's capabilities, new
infrastructure to handle the increased demands on operator's systems and more
gateways to handle the information flow between Internet and wireless operator
networks.
WAP
means freedom to the end user WAP offers an easy-to-use and highly portable
communications and information tool. Devices using WAP-based micro browsers can
access an array of innovative, value-added services, which are rapidly coming to
market.
Application of WAP, Architecture, principle, security
etc. WAP is applied in paging systems, cordless phones, PCS (Personal
Communication Services), Mobile services, Commercial aspects-Mobile business
intelligence’s-Mobile content delivery-mobile commerce telephony etc.
The WAP Forum began with four founders in 1997. It has now grown to more than 500 members, many Among the most powerful telecom, IT, and software companies from around the world.
The WAP Forum is the industry association comprising
of hundreds of members that have developed the world standard for wireless
information and telephony services on digital mobile phones and other wireless
terminals.
The primary goal of the WAP Forum is to bring together companies from all
segments of the wireless industry value chain. This ensures product
interoperability and growth of wireless market. WAP Forum members represent over
95% of the global handset market, Carriers with more than 200 million
subscribers, leading infrastructure providers, software developers, and other
organizations providing solutions to the wireless industry.
Ø
Terminal
and Infrastructure manufacturers.
Ø
Operators
/ Carriers / Service Providers.
Ø
Software
houses.
Ø
Content
providers.
Ø
Companies
developing services and applications for mobile device
With the above given specifications one can become a participant in WAP Forum.
Ø
Any
Pentium PC's
Ø
2 G.B
Hard Disk
Ø
64 MB RAM
Ø 32 KBPS Modem
WAP is a communications protocol and application environment. It can be built on any operating system including Palm OS, EPOC, Windows CE, FLEXOS, OS/9, Java OS etc. It provides service interoperability even between different device families.
Handheld
digital wireless devices such as mobile phones, pagers, two-way radios, smart
phones, and communicators from
low-end to high-end.
WAP
1.2 was designed to take advantage of the certification process. The official
WAP certification process was landed in March 2000. The WAP Forum released v1.2.1 in July 2000
Prior releases of the WAP Specification Suite can be
found here:
WAP 1.2
WAP
1.1
WAP 1.0
WAP
allows us to browse the information that we do as in the Internet. This browser
are created by the below given languages which are specified for this purpose
.To get with the server some of the following are also used such as WAP gateway,
WML card, WML deck, WAE (Wireless Application Environment), WSP (Wireless
Session Protocol), PDA (Personal Digital Assistance), WTP (Wireless Transmission
Protocol), DTD (Document Type Definition), WDP (Wireless Datagram Protocol),
WTLS (Wireless Transport Layer Security).
To experience the Wireless Web you have to see and
interact with it in the appropriate medium. That is the only way to fully
appreciate both the advantages and the limits of wireless data. To really
understand what it means to cut your wire to the Web, you need to know what it
feels like to be able to put your connection to the Web in your pocket or your
bag and walk, or drive, around with it - then use it throughout the day as part
of your normal routine. This is probably the best way to discover the times and
places when having that kind of access make sense for you and the people in your
organization. Where wireless data is concerned, moving is believing.
While we can't recreate the experience of being a mobile user .In wire line Web
site, they provide us with a preview. This page will soon give you the
opportunity to experience the user interface characteristics of three major
categories of wireless and wireless-enabled devices: Internet-ready cell phones,
Palm OS-based personal data assistants, and Windows CE-based handheld and
palm-size PCs
Wireless
Web development, this is by far the most diverse category of devices. It ranges
from handheld PCs that are scarcely distinguishable from notebooks (for example
the HP Jornada 820) down to devices like the Cassiopeia palm-sized PC which is
the form-factor equivalent of a Palm OS device. (And of course there are more
variations to come, such as the Windows CE based smart phone recently shown to
the public in prototype.) Windows CE devices are typically enabled for wireless
access through the addition of a PCMCIA wireless modem or a Compact Flash card
that connects to a cell phone. As with wireless modems designed for Palm Computing
PDAs, modems for Windows CE devices are generally available as complete
hardware-and-services packages, and employ a variety of cellular network
architectures. Many CE devices, including the most advanced
palm-size models,
have
color
screens.
Development strategies for wireless-enabled Windows CE devices vary as widely as
the devices themselves. For the typical handheld's - those with 640 x 480 and
640 x 240 displays - the principle constraint, beyond standard concerns about
file size and download time, is designing the site so that it fits and works
well on the available screen real estate. This may involve, for example,
changing a site's orientation from predominantly vertical to predominantly
horizontal. For the 640 x 240 and smaller devices, one can generally count on
touch screens and stylus-based navigation, and this should be taken into account
as well. For the palm-size WinCE devices (320 x 240), Wireless Web development
operates under essentially the same set of constraints as for wireless-enabled
Palm Computing devices.
XML Spy is
the first true integrated development environment for XML that includes
everything in one powerful and easy-to-use product: XML editor, Schema editor,
and XSL editor
XML
Spy 3.5 extends the existing functionality of
our award-winning XML development environment by adding the first
integrated XML Schema editor that not only supports the
most recent W3C Schema draft, but also allows true live editing of the schema in
the actual graphical representation through there volutionary
dynamic tree
view.
The new graphical schema editor makes it easy for developers to visualize the
content model of any schema and dramatically enhances the productivity. The
dynamic tree view allows in-place editing of all major aspects of the schema
directly in its graphical representation, which eliminates the need for the
cumbersome textual entry of content models that is still necessary with
competing products.
"Serious
Web developers looking for a complete XML development environment will
love XML Spy. This polished program is built around a validating XML
editor that gives you four ways of looking at your documents. The neat, tightly
constructed interface and auto-completion tools make it easy to work with XML
Spy
XML
Spy 3.0.7 includes many improvements in the areas of XML-Data/BizTalk
and W3C XML Schema support as well as bug-fixes for the issues reported
by our customers since the 3.0 release. The new version also includes a reworked
networking code that improves the overall performance and stability
of XML Spy.
Dokoni,
inc. develops applications and services for leading wireless platforms. At
Dokoni, they specialize in developing Web sites and Web applications and
services designed to operate under the constraints imposed by the nature of
mobile-centric computing. These constraints stem from both the wireless devices
themselves and from the underlying infrastructure of wireless
data
networks.
In comparison to desktop and even standard laptop computers, devices
specifically designed for mobile and wireless use tend to have much smaller form
factors. This means significantly smaller displays and space saving input
devices (styli and touch screens, phone keypads). Such devices also tend to be
considerably less powerful than their full-sized cousins: processor speed,
memory and power consumption are all at a premium.
The radio networks that connect these devices to the Web also have limitations
when compared with landline systems. In particular, wireless networks provide
less bandwidth and greater latency (in other words, they are slower), and their
signals are more subject to interruption and consequent loss
of
data.
To design Web sites and applications that work well
under these constraints requires using a variety of technologies and methods
related to, but distinct from, those employed in traditional Web development.
The only general principle that applies is that of keeping file weights down,
and download times short. Beyond that, the requisite technologies and methods
depend on the type of device or devices targeted. Depending on the needs of the
client, Dokoni can implement any combination of these technologies, and
integrate them seamlessly with an existing or planned website or portal. The
goal of good Wireless Web design should be for every potential mobile user to be
served the appropriate content, in the appropriate way
Dokoni,
Inc. is a San Diego based wireless web development firm founded in 1999. Dokoni
develops applications and services for leading wireless platforms including:
Ø
WML and
HDML compliant cell phone micro browsers
Ø
Palm OS
based platforms including Palm VII connected organizer
Ø
Wireless
enabled Windows CE and CE Pro devices
At
Dokoni,they specialize in combining the best, most proven technologies and
development models on the Web with the latest innovations in wireless services
to help our customers get the full benefit of "cutting the wire."
Site development optimized for wireless delivery.
Ø
Maintenance
and support of wireless-enabled sites.
Ø
Mobile
e-commerce applications, including location-based services.
Ø
Custom
Wireless Web applications development for mobile organizations.
Ø
One-stop
solutions for extending Web-based data services to wireless platforms, including
devices, site hosting and wireless access.
Ø
Content
repurposing and site reengineering to enable both corporate and consumer access
to existing internet and intranet resources from Web-ready wireless devices.
Ø
Complete,
cost-effective mobile workforce solutions, featuring anywhere access to
time-sensitive and field-critical information such as:
v .
pricing
and inventory management
v .
order and
sales tracking
v .
customer
history and contact management
v .
scheduling
and routing
v .
technical
support
Some wireless network designed to work with WAP are CDPD, CDMA, GSM, PDC, PHS, TDMA, FLEX, ReFLEX, iDEN, TETRA, DECT, DataTAC, Mobitex
@Road's Location Smart application processing center
provides critical linkage, data processing and database management between
wireless data clients, desktop clients and Internet content providers. Our
infrastructure leverages multiple data center server facilities within the U.S.
to ensure 24x7 service.
Our architects have designed world-class infrastructures, hosting facilities, advanced security technologies and leading application integration platforms. @Road provides the power and mission-critical availability needed to manage mobile resources.
@Road delivers the performance, reliability, and
security required for enterprise solutions through effective skill and
management coupled with the strength of industry-leading infrastructure
partners.
Mobile Resource
Management (MRM) software addresses these needs by providing location-based information,
services and commerce to companies involved in the transportation and
distribution of goods and services
This is a device which is
used to trace the vehicles on road up to a certain range .This is an example for
mobile resource management
Fleet ASAP is available in more than 150
cities nationwide where wireless networks are in place. Coverage is also
available internationally.
The iLM2000 unit continues to track the
vehicle's location and transmits this when the vehicle comes back into the
wireless coverage area. Therefore, the map will show the vehicle's path and
stops in the areas in which it drove, whether they were in or out of wireless
coverage.
Every time the vehicle transmits its location we call
it a "point." The iLM stores 250 points or over 2 days worth of
data. Note: each point contains the vehicle location at the time of
transmission.
As many as you wish. Our largest customer has
hundreds of vehicles on its site.
As many as you wish. Anyone anywhere in the world can
access your site and your vehicles provided you've given them access to your
user ID and password.
We recommend that the vehicle transmit its location
in 15-minute intervals. More frequent intervals are possible; it's just a
question of need versus the increased airtime cost.
If the vehicle goes below 5 MPH for over 2 minutes,
the iLM2000 registers this as a "Stop." At that point the
stop duration clock will start.
The iLM draws about 3 watts or about .28
amps in fully active state. Please contact @Road if there is any concern about
the power usage. There are several options we have to decrease the power usage.
In order to succeed in today's mobile economy, it is
essential that wireless Internet businesses have powerful connections and
communication capabilities. The @Road vision is to leverage the latest, open
standards-based, non-proprietary technology to provide a complete solution for
mobile consumers and business professionals. @Road accomplishes this by building
core components and then, partnering with industry leading vendors. As the
virtual gateway and enabler for location-relevant applications, @Road is
strategically positioned to offer today's most intelligent wireless solutions.
Ø
Nokia
9110,8850,8210,7110…
Ø
Siemens
S35i,M35i,C35i
Ø
Motorola
Leap P7389,Timeport,Talkabout
Ø
Neopoint
1000,1600 etc
|
BROWSER NAME |
ENVIRONMENT |
|
WAPJAG.DE |
Internet
Explorer |
|
AU
System WAP browser |
PalmOS
3.3 |
|
WinWAP |
Windows9x/NT |
|
Wapalizer |
Internet
Explorer/Netscape |
|
WAPman |
Windows9x/NT/
PalmOS 3.1 |
|
NokiaWAP
Tool Kit 1.3 Beta |
Windows9x/NT+java |
|
Ericsson
R380 Emulator |
Windows
NT4.0 |
A
WAP device has a tiny IP stack which give it limited IP capabilities, When a
connection is opened ,The WAP device opens a dial up connection through PPP to a
service provider. Almost exactly like most dial up Internet users do. In most
cases ,predefined operator specific dial up settings are used ,but most WAP
devices will allow you to use your own dial up settings ,which means that for
instance companies with intranet based WAP services can let their WAP users dial
into their intranet to gain access. Through PPP, after authenticating with the
specified user-id and password, the WAP devices is given an IP address, and is
now ready to access internet or intranet based services through the specified
WAP gateway.
Browsing
can be done through a micro browser,
which is specially used for the WAP services –their details, architecture.
Some Languages used for writing browsers are as follows
Ø
WML
–Wireless Markup Language
Ø
WML Script
Ø
SGML –
Standardised Generalised Markup Language
Ø
HDML
–Hand Held Markup Language
Ø
XML
- Extensible
Markup Language
Ø
W3C –
World Wide Web Consortium
Ø
WTA -
Wireless Telephony Application.
Client
software designed to overcome challenges of mobile handheld devices that enable
wireless access to services such as Internet information in combination with a
suitable network server.
Ø
Click in the “Menu link” and scroll
down with the roller until you get the “services”
Ø
Scroll to “settings” and click on the “Navi Roller” or click “Select” to
view options
Ø
Scroll to “Connection Settings”.
Now select an option
Ø
Scroll to “activate” Click on the Navi Roller to select or click “Select”
Ø
Scroll to “edit” and click on the Navi Roller to select or click “Select”
Ø
Scroll
“Home page” and click on
the Navi Roller or click Select
Ø
Use the Keypad or Navi Roller to enter
the mobile.vsnl.com/main.wml into the URL field and click ok
Ø
You are almost ready now .Use the Navi
Roller to scroll down to select the following settings.Click select for desired
options
Ø
Dial up number
Ø
Click
“Select” to enter
username and password
Ø
Now to access mobile services go back
to the “services” screen and click home(Be patient it would take a few
minutes to connect on to the services)
Wireless
Web development for Palm OS-based devices presently falls into two categories:
The first category comprises development for the Palm VII Connected Organizer.
The second category covers development for other Palm Computing or Palm-OS based
devices that are wireless-enabled.
The highest profile in Palm OS wireless
connectivity definitely belongs to the Palm VII. For this new device, 3Com
developed their proprietary "Web Clipping" technology. Whereas the WAP-based
model adheres closely to the existing paradigm for Internet-based applications ,
while letting the underlying protocols optimize that model for wireless data ,
Web Clipping actually changes the application model to suit the wireless
environment. A Web Clipping application is really composed of two parts: a
Web-based back end (most likely implemented using a parsed HTML or other
server-side programming solution), which provides the dynamic content, and the
Palm Query Application (or PQA, a kind of “compiled” HTML), which contains
the relatively static user interface elements needed to access and display that
content on the handheld. This PQA is typically downloaded at the user's desktop
and transferred to their Palm OS device through a syncing operation (it can also
be beamed directly from another Palm OS device). Once in place, the PQA
functions much like any other Palm application, but with a very different
purpose: It allows you to use a familiar, Web-style interface to build a query
off-line that is then sent over the air to the Web-based part of the
application. In effect, the PQA knows how to take a “clipping” from the Web
site with which it is associated. The whole cycle looks like this
as shown
in the
figure .
The beauty of this
arrangement, and also its limitation, lies in the separation of static and
dynamic elements. This permits the (costly) wireless transaction itself to be
kept to a minimum: Only the information that needs to be updated is sent over
the radio network, while the parts of the application that do not need to change
(or not frequently) reside on the handheld itself. You get the benefit of access
to a powerful, Web-based back end - and in principle this could be any
database-driven, enterprise or e-commerce Website, no matter how large or
complex - without the performance penalty of having to download bulky Web pages
over the air. By the same token, the splitting of the application into dynamic
and static parts has a downside: All interactions with the Web site must be
planned for ahead of time - the Web manager cannot readily introduce new forms,
for example, or new search capabilities. Such changes require writing new
versions the PQA (or an altogether new PQA) and getting users to download and/or
sync these onto their handheld's. Nor can users freely browse a large site on
their own to find what they need. Such restrictions are built into the Web
Clipping model, which is optimized for short, highly structured types of
transactions. On the other hand, such transactions might be exactly the kinds
your mobile application requires, in which case the Palm VII / Web Clipping
solution might be an exact fit for your needs.
Besides the Palm VII, there are a number of ways to configure Palm OS devices
for use as wireless terminals. This can be done either through wireless modem
cradles (such as Novatel's Minstrel series), or by using a Palm / Cell Phone
combination (whether it be an integral combination, like Qualcomm's new PDQ
Phone, or just a data cable connection between separate devices), or, in the
near future, with the simple addition of an expansion module, such as the
Springboard modules designed for use with Handspring's popular new Visor
handheld. All of these configurations allow direct access to the Internet
("browsing") rather than the more restricted type of access built into
the Palm VII ("clipping"). Although there are WAP-based browsers for
the Palm platform that enable these devices to access sites written in WML, most
development will probably target the array of Palm-compatible browsers that
render a restricted subset of HTML.
Compared to most cell phones, Palm OS devices have the advantage of larger
(though still monochrome) screens, with elementary graphics capability, touch
sensitivity and a restricted form of handwriting recognition (Graffiti). This
means that Wireless Web applications written for this platform, while still
requiring careful design economies, can be significantly more visually oriented
and user-interactive than is practicable for WAP-enabled phones. Depending on
the business needs being addressed, this might be enough of a difference to
warrant going with the larger devices
They
use WAP for a number of commercial aspects like Roadways through GPS ,road maps.
Monitoring and controlling other devices from a remote area anywhere within that
area (which is increasing day by day). This services are provided by the
WAPFOURM,@mobile ,@ROAD etc.
PATENTED TECHNOLOGY USED IN WAP
Ø
Mobile
resource management via the Internet
Ø
Location
and directional technology
Ø
Data
directive XML transformation enabling mobile business professionals to exchange
mission critical data during field operations
Ø
Location-specific
Internet content delivery to wireless devices
Ø
Inverse
differential wide area correction allowing precision location data
Ø Aggregated mobile business and traffic flow information
WAP
Forum members represent over 95% of the global handset market: Carriers with
more than 200 million subscribers, leading infrastructure providers, software
developers, and other organizations providing solutions to the wireless industry
Ø
Independent
of wireless network standard.
Ø
Open to all.
Ø
Will be proposed to the appropriate standards bodies.
Ø
Applications scale across transport options.
Ø
Applications scale across device types.
Ø
Extensible over time to new networks and transports
By the introduction of Internet the world came into our drawing room and by the growth of WAP the world will come in our fingertips. This day is no longer to come .We shall wait for this wonderful day.
Aishwarya | Baby | Nature | Downloads | Cell | WAP | Blue tooth | Bluetooth In Action